Henri
Fayol, a French industrialist took more holistic approach towards management. Unlike Taylor who focused only on "shop floor" production activities,
Fayol took a comprehensive approach and identified the following dimensions of business.
- Technical
- Commercial
- Financial
- Accounting
- Security
- Administrative
He proposed that in order to cover all above aspects- administrative process must include the following functions
- Planning
- Organizing
- Controlling
- Commanding
- Co-ordinating
Then based on above he propose 14 administrative principles.
- Division of work
- Authority and responsibility
- Discipline
- Unity of Direction
- Unity of Command
- Centralization
- Order
- Remuneration
- Subordinating individual interest to group interest
- Scalar chain
- Equity
- Stability of tenure of personnel
- Initiative
- Esprit de corps (team spirit)
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