Motivation theories explain why and how of motivation. They try to uncover the factors that motivate people and also degree to which people get motivated. Understanding of motivation theory is essential both as a manager and employee.
There are six major motivation theories.
- Maslow's Hierarchy of needs theory
- Herzberg's Two factor theory
- McClelland's Achievement theory
- Victor Vroom's Expectancy theoy
- Adam's Equity Theory
- Skinner's Behavior Modification Theory
- Maslow's Hierarchy of needs theory -identifies six basic needs- basic physiological needs,security needs,social, esteem and self actualisation needs
- Herzberg's Two factor theory - identifies two factors - maintainance or hygiene needs and motivator
- McClelland's Achievement theory- identifies three major needs- affiliation needs, achievement needs, power needs
- Victor Vroom's Expectancy theory- identifies expectancy of the individual as the basic motivating factor- someone will be motivated enough provided he is interested in the task given and plus has some expectancy of success associated with it
- Adam's Equity Theory - This theory suggest that people want them to be treated on par with others- for works that demand similar efforts- they want to be rewarded equally
- Skinner's Behavior Modification Theory - This theory states that people repeat those behaviour that are awarded and discard those set of behaviours that are punished. It consists of positive reinforcement (repetition), negative reinforcement ( avoid) , punishment
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